Citation Styles for the References Section

International Journal of
Electronic Business

I.J. of Information and Computer Security

International Journal of
Information and
Computer Security

I.J. of Internet and Enterprise Management

International Journal of
Internet and
Enterprise Management

I.J. of Internet Marketing and Advertising

International Journal of
Internet Marketing and
Advertising

I.J. of Information Systems and Management

International Journal
of Information Systems
and Management

International Journal
of Technology Policy
and Law

MIS Review:
An International Journal

Journal of Business
and Management

Citation Styles for the References Section

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BODY STYLES

Unless specified otherwise, please use the following format:

Use one column for the text.
Do not number the sections.
Begin every paragraph with a line feed.
Sort the references in alphabetical sequence, but do no number the references. Cite the references in contexts by last name and published year, e.g., Li and Yen (2020) or (Li & Yen, 2020).

REFERENCE STYLES

References in a paper must be in APA (American Psychological Association) styles as seen in Google Scholar; all of them must be placed at the end of the main body of the text in alphabetical order by author. The reference styles in the text are as follows.

Where there is more than one reference from authors with the same name and in the same year, references should be identified by suffix letters, e.g., Pearce (1995a) and (Pearce, 1995b).
References should be made only to works that are published, accepted for publication (not merely 'submitted'), or available through libraries or institutions. Any other source should be qualified by a note regarding availability.
Please make sure the reference list and in-text citations are consistent, i.e., neither any reference is not cited nor any citation is not listed in the reference list.

FOOTNOTE FREE

Footnote is not allowed. Any footnote making a specific point should be placed in the relevant context of the paper body.

SEARCHABLE REFERENCES

Please make sure all references are searchable on the Web and contain the DOI numbers.

CITING IN THE TEXT

References should be cited in the text either in parentheses, e.g., "Earlier studies (Pearce, 1989) showed..." or using the name as part of a sentence, e.g., "Pearce (1989) states..."

For two authors the format is: (Huberman & Miles, 1998). In the narrative text, join the names with the word "and" as: Huberman and Miles (1998).
For three authors: (Carlsen, Getz, & Soutar, 2001). In the text is: Carlsen, Getz, and Soutar (2001).
For four or more authors: (Dwyer et al., 2000). In the text is: Dwyer et al. (2000).
Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically and then chronologically, e.g., (Crompton, 1979, 1999; Fakeye & Crompton, 1991; Gunn, 1988).
For quoted material a page number is required, e.g., (Pearce, 1989, p.22).

Personal communications - emails, conversations, letters - should not be in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text, e.g., (interview with the James Green, University of Southern California, 12 November 2008).

STYLE EXAMPLES

For JOURNAL:
Surname, Initials (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume(Number), Start-end pages. doi: xxxxxxxxxxxx Please italicize the journal name and the volume number, and capitalize the first letter after the colon on the article title; only one colon is allowed. For DOI, please replace ""http://www.doi.org/xxxxxx" with "doi: xxxxxx" where "xxxxxx" represents the ID string.

Davis, F.D., Bagozzi, R.P. & Warshaw, P.R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003. doi: 10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982

Knights, D. & McCabe, D. (1996). 'A bridge too far?': Consistent quality initiatives in financial services. The TQM Magazine, 8(5), 51-55. doi: 10.1108/09544789610146051

Aiken, K.D., Liu, B.S., Mackoy, R.D. & Osland, G.E. (2004). Building internet trust: Signaling through trustmarks. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, 1(3), 251-267. doi: 10.1504/IJIMA.2004.005017

Tsang, E.W.K. (1995). The implementation of technology transfer in Sino-foreign joint ventures. International Journal of Technology Management, 10(7/8), 757-66. doi: 10.1504/IJTM.1995.025655

Note for non-English sources: Non-English journal citations are limited to no more than five only. Papers with more than 5 non-English journal citations will be desk-rejected automatically. For an example of a Chinese journal citation, please use the format below.

Chen, J., Wang, S.Y., & Sun, L.F. (2011). Flexible model and architecture of public service platform for business-related multi-industrial chain collaboration. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 17(1), 177-185. doi: 10.13196/j.cims.2011.01.179.chenj.018 (in Chinese).

For BOOK:
Surname, Initials (Year). Title of book (Edition, pp. Start-end pages). Place of publication: Publisher.

Rosenberg, N. (1978). Perspectives of Technology (2nd ed., pp. 66-77). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Li, E.Y. & Du, T.C. (Eds.). (forthcoming). Advances in Electronic Business, Volume 1 (Collaborative Commerce). Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing.

Myers, P.S. (Ed.). (1996). Knowledge Management and Organizational Design. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.

For TRANSLATED BOOK:
Surname, Initials (Year). Title of book. Translated by Translator Initials Surname (Year). Place of publication: Publisher (Original work published in year).

Laplace, P.-S. (1951). A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities. Translated by F.W. Truscott & F.L. Emory (1951). New York: Dover (Original work published in 1814).

For BOOK CHAPTER:
Surname, Initials (Year). Chapter title. In Editor Surname, Initials (Ed.), Title of book (pp. Start-end pages). Place of publication: Publisher.

Kogut, B. (1991). Designing global strategies: Comparative and competitive value-added chains. In H.V. Wortzel, & L.H. Wortzel (Eds.). Strategic Management of Multinational Enterprise: The Essentials (pp. 100-115). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Pinchot, G.& Pinchot, E. (1996). This rise and fall of bureaucracy. In G. Pinchot & E. Pinchot (Eds.). The End of Bureaucracy and the Rise of Intelligent Organizations (pp. 200-215). San Francisco, CA: Berret-Koehler Publishers, Inc. (Reprinted in Myers, P.S. (Ed.). (1996). Knowledge Management and Organizational Design (pp. 39-53). Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.)

For BOOK REVIEW:
Surname, Initials (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume(Number), Start-end pages. doi: xxxxxxxxxxxx [Review of the book by Initials Surname (Year). Title of book, Place of publication: Publisher.]

Schatz, B. R. (2000). Learning by text or context?. Science, 290, 1304. doi: 10.1126/science.290.5495.1304 [Review of the book by J.S. Brown & P. Duguid (2000). The Social Life of Information, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Press.]

For PUBLICATION WITHOUT AUTHOR:
Substitute author with Publisher Name.

Hong Kong Monetary Authority (1999) Annual Reports, Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Hong Kong, SAR China.

Merriam-Webster (1993) Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (10th ed.), Merriam-Webster, Springfield, MA.

The Washington Post (1993). New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. The Washington Post, July 15, p. A12.

For PERSONAL COMMUNICATION:
Personal communications - emails, conversations, interviews, letters - should not be in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text, e.g., (interview with Name, Organization, Date).

..... is alright (personal communication with E.Y. Li, ICEB, March 28, 2017).

E.Y. Li of ICEB (personal communication, March 28, 2017) explained that it is alright to .....

For INTERNET HOMEPAGE:
Surname, Initials (Year). Title of article. Website Name. Retrieved from URL full path (Date).

Balseiro, A., Selas, I. & Kotzrincker, J. (2000). Banca online. El Estado de la Cuestión. Retrieved from http://www.baquia.com/com/20001016/art00010.html (accessed 25 November 2011).

O'ullivan, O. (2000). Net banks: More dream than reality. US Banker. Retrieved from http://www.us-banker.com (accessed 18 February 2011).

For INTERNET HOMEPAGE WITHOUT AUTHOR:
Substitute author with Website Name.

Pew Internet (2001). Hispanics and the internet. Pew Internet and America Life Project. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org (accessed 18 September 2011).

For PROCEEDINGS:
Surname, Initials (Year). Title of paper. Title of proceedings (Volume, pp. Start-end pages). Publisher, Place and date(s) held.

Zhang, Q. & Cao, M. (2001). Human-machine Web interface design for electronic commerce: A review of design perspectives, objectives, dimensions, and techniques. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Electronic Business (pp. 404-405). ICEB, Hong Kong, SAR China, December 19-21.

Alowibdi, J.S., Buy, U.A. & Yu, P. (2013). Empirical evaluation of profile characteristics for gender classification on twitter', In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (Vol. 1, pp. 365-369). IEEE, Miami, FL, USA, December 4-7.

For UNPUBLISHED PRESENTATION:
Surname, Initials (Year). Title of paper. paper presented at Name of Conference, Place and date(s) held. Retrieved from URL full path (Date).

Geringer, J.M., Tallman, S.B., & Li, E.Y. (1994). Using resource-based theory to assess internationalization theories. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Conference, Dallas, TX, August 16.

For WORKING PAPER:
Surname, Initials (Year). Title of paper. Working paper [number if available], Institution or organization, Place of organization.

Du, T.C., Li, E.Y., & Chang, J. (2002). Implementing association rule techniques in data allocation scheme of distributed databases. Working paper, Faculty of Business Administration, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR China, January.

For UNPUBLISHED THESIS/DISSERTATION:
Surname, Initials (Year). Title of thesis/dissertation (Master's thesis/Doctoral dissertation, Name of institution, Place of institution, in what language if not English).

Huang, P.C. (2015). Exploring the deterministic factors of purchase intention of cross-border online shopping (Master's thesis, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan, in Chinese).

Pearson, S.W. (1977). Measurement of computer user satisfaction (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ).